About HOSPRO
Briefly:
Hawai’i Oil Seed Producers (HOSPRO) is a federally recognized 501(c)5 corporation licensed as a tax exempt, nonprofit agricultural cooperative in Hawaii and operates under CFDA # 10.769 and NAICS code 0173. This structure allows all profits to be returned to the shareholders, a group that automatically includes the farmers who will receive one share for each tree grown.
Hawaii Oil Seed Producers is led by a small group of scientists and palm growers who have been working to introduce oil palm to the Hawaiian Islands as a way to create new industries and jobs and improve Hawaii’s self-sufficiency.
Why HOSPRO
Hawaii is an extremely isolated complex of islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean some 2,300 miles from continental land masses. Its relatively young, volcanic origins have resulted in no natural resources except rich soils for agricultural production — no carbon-rich resources such as coal, natural gas or petroleum. The Hawaiian Islands lost the last of its commercial sugar cane and pineapple in 2017 from Maui Island. Dole Pineapple has closed all of its plantations but one on Oahu for tourism purposes. Sugar cane production ended on Hawaii Island around 1996. All of these closures have left over 150,000 combined acres of fallow land available for other forms agriculture, in addition to acreages held by state and private sources. Most of this available land is now growing grass for cattle or growing weeds, contributing to Hawaii’s wildfire and invasive species problems. Weeds provide a nutrient source for non-native insects and birds which then spread seeds that compete against native plants. They inhibit the ability endangered species to bounce back, further challenging fragile Hawaiian ecosystems.
Closure of sugar and pineapple not only left much land available for growing oil palm, but it also represented a huge loss of jobs. At its height, the production of sugar alone was said to require one man for every ten acres of production. There were no industries available to take up this big burst of available labor. Currently, jobs in Hawaii lie primarily in construction and tourism, but construction is cyclical and tourism — now in decline — especially runs on mainly low paying service jobs. As a result, Hawaii has one of the lowest per capital income levels in the United States while having one of the highest costs of living due to the high cost of housing and the importation of food, fuel and consumer goods — in short, everything.
While solar, geothermal and wind are growing sources of energy, still over $5.1 billion is spent annually on imported fossil fuels to support land, ocean and air transportation systems in the Islands. Importing edible oils and livestock feed — costing approximately $25million and $31million respectively — adds to the large burden placed on Hawaii’s families. One study from 2013 showed that almost 90% of the food consumed in the Islands is imported (3). This siphoning of cash to off-island sources limits technological improvements and local investments here in Hawaii’s communities. In the past decade, at least eight different energy projects have entered the state from outside entities which either provided their own funding or gained access to bond and grant support from state and/or county coffers (4). While most aimed to provide energy to produce electricity, several sought to produce biofuel for the transportation sector. Almost none of these projects survived, sucking millions of dollars out our local economy all the while. These companies recognized profitable opportunities in Hawaii, but they did not understand our culture of preserving the life of the land. What works elsewhere may or may not work in Hawaii.
Hawaii’s history is replete with such episodes of outside investors developing extractive industries and leaving. Hawaii needs to develop its own sources of feed, fuels, feed, etc., while keeping the profits at home.
HOSPRO was formed to address these problems.
How HOSPRO Came to Be
HOSPRO was formed in 2014 by William Steiner, Ph.D., then Dean of the College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Hawaii-Hilo (UHH). He firmly believed that Hawaii could become more self-reliant if it could grow its own sources of fuel. And the plants with the highest productivity of oil was the oil palm. But would they grow in Hawaii? Of course palms grow well in Hawaii, however, the original African oil palm has only limited production beyond latitudes 11 degrees N and 11 degrees S of the equator. Most of Hawaii lies between 19-22 degrees N.
Only recently have hybrid oil palms been developed for growing in cooler climates beyond these 11 degree ranges. Dr. Steiner wanted to test if these hybrids would grow and produce well as far north as Hawaii. Using his genetics background, he chose hybrid crosses between the American species, Elaeis olifeira (now extinct in the United States, but still extant in Central America) and Elaeis guineensis, the African oil palm planted in SE Asia largely prior to 2010. These hybrids have genes for dwarfism, increased productivity, some cold and drought tolerance, and smaller. Their relatively short leaf enables planting 80 trees/acre compared to 50 for the African oil palm. The creation of these hybrids theoretically enable oil palms to grow beyond their normal range.
Dr. Steiner designed and executed a phase I proof-of-concept study to examine this hypothesis. He began by importing 10,000 phytosanitized seeds (as required by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, APHIS-USDA) of three varieties of these hybrid oil palms from Costa Rica. After sprouting and rearing the plants to a two-foot height, the hound palms were given to about a dozen small farmers scattered across the Island of Hawaii at different climatic, elevation and soil conditions. With farmer field support, Dr. Steiner examined how differences in elevation, soil, climate, rainfall, insects and fungi would impact survival, growth and production. They found that oil palms does extremely well in Hawaii. It is slightly slower in maturing than in Central America but may produce more fruit. It grows especially well below 2,500 ft elevation with production beginning at three years. (They will continue to produce for at least another 20+ years with minimal input.) Production is elevation-dependent, ranging from 500 gallons/acre in the upper elevations to over 630 gallons/acre at 100 ft near the coasts. Also, beyond the seedling stage, it is resistant to the dozens of insects and fungi known to attack palms.
The proof-of-concept study was a huge success for the future of Hawaii’s palm oil industry.
What began as a search for biofuel for Hawaii has morphed as HOSPRO members began to realize the actual potential of oil palms to produce a wide variety of products. And word is getting out. Already, more than forty small landholders with a total of 2,500 acres of land have requested oil palms. HOSPRO was formed to continue developing this new industry by:
Educating residents as to the benefits of oil palms for Hawaii;
Recruiting more landholders to grow oil palm;
Importing more seeds to raise in our nursery for dispersal to small farmers;
Importing more oil extraction and refining equipment to begin production of more refined products;
Building a Biochar retort to replenish depleted soils and increase the potential for more carbon storage;
Empowering farmers for a resilient bioeconomy in Hawai’i.
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